Briefly, Musharraf surrendered to what amounted to an American war ultimatum, his decision proving to be a boon as well as a curse. ‘Mush’, as some Americans called him fondly, received plenty of ...

since the Soviet Army moved into Afghanistan to support Babrak Karmal and the communist regime, the country has been embroiled in one conflict after another. The World Trade Organization (WTO ...

President Hafizullah Amin (hah-FEE’-zoo-lah ah-MEEN’), who was overthrown and executed, was replaced by Babrak Karmal. In 1985, American naturalist Dian Fossey, 53, who had studied mountain ...

1979, Soviet forces seized control of Afghanistan. President Hafizullah Amin, who was overthrown and executed, was replaced by Babrak Karmal. 2007, former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...

Pashtun domination ended with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, when Babrak Karmal, leader of the Parcham faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), became president.