Do the liquid crystals physically protect the bacteria ... there are all sorts of electronics and apertures and lenses that can have a defect and need special engineers to come and repair.

More than $2 billion has been spent over the past 15 years in trying to develop the technology and infrastructure behind liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS) displays. After a fitful start ...

The lens features a bilayer structure made of liquid crystal materials. Each layer responds differently to the applied electric field, splitting incoming light into oppositely polarized beams. Bifocal ...